Heart World Conference 2026

Abstract

Circadian rhythm is a physiological process in which biomarkers fluctuate roughly in a 24-hour cycle. Both blood pressure and kidney function follow circadian patterns. Circadian rhythm variability of blood pressure predicts chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease, independent of blood pressure value. This study aimed to assess the pattern of circadian blood pressure variability and associated factors among patients with chronic kidney disease. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. We analysed the data using SPSS version 26. Comparisons were performed between the groups using an independent t-test and a χ2 test. Patients with hypertensive chronic kidney disease exhibited a significantly greater mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure standard deviation than those with normotensive chronic kidney disease (10.17±6.12 mmHg vs. 0.54±2.7 mmHg). The prevalence of systolic blood pressure non-dippers is notably higher in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to their normotensive counterparts (83% vs. 63%). In this study, both the average 24-hour systolic blood pressure and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were independently associated with the non-dipping phenotype of systolic non-dippers. These findings suggest that hypertensive individuals experience significantly greater circadian blood pressure variability than normotensive patients. Additionally, among hypertensive CKD patients, those classified as non-dippers demonstrated impaired renal function relative to their dipper counterparts.
Keywords: circadian blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, non-dippers, risers.